Saxena A, Agarwal KK, Parshuram V, Das AR
Correspondence: Mr Alok Saxena, alok.sxna@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Anatomical variations are typically more common in the extensor compartment of the forearm, but uncommon in the flexor compartment. The presence of such anatomical anomalies is not usually noticed until the normal functions of an individual become hindered, or when these anomalies become a surgical problem. During routine dissection curriculum, we encountered a rare finding of bilateral Gantzer muscles in a cadaver. We describe the relationship between the Gantzer muscle and anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
Keywords: anterior interosseous nerve, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, compartment syndrome
Singapore Med J 2013; 54(5): e102-e104; http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013064
REFERENCES
1. Johnson D. Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb. In: Standring S, Borley NR, Collins P, et al, eds. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 40th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2008: 845-7. | ||||
2. Jones M, Abrahams PH, Sa-udo JR, Campillo M. Incidence and morphology of accessory heads of flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus (Gantzer's muscles). J Anat 1997; 191:451-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19130451.x | ||||
3. Vollala VR, Nagabhooshana S, Bhat SM, Potu BK, Rakesh V. Multiple accessory structures in the upper limb of a single cadaver. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:e254-8. | ||||
4. Campos D, Nazer MB, Bartholdy LM. Anatomical variation of the accessory muscle of the forearm (Gantzer's muscles) and his relationship with the median nerve: a case report in human. J Morphol Sci 2009; 26:39-41. | ||||
5. Gorantla VR, Potu BK, Jetti R, Vollala VR, Pulakunta T. Rare origin of two accessory bellies from the undersurface of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. Eur J Gen Med 2009; 6:57-9. | ||||
6. Nayak SR, Ramanathan L, Prabhu LV, Raju S. Additional flexor muscles of the forearm: case report and clinical significance. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:e231-3. | ||||
7. El Domiaty MA, Zoair MM, Sheta AA. The prevalence of accessory heads of the flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus muscles in Egyptians and their relations to the median and anterior interosseous nerves. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2008; 67:63-71. | ||||
8. Romanes GJ. Upper and lower limbs. In: Cunningham DJ, Romanes GJ. Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy. 15th ed, Vol 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993: 67-8, 74-6. | ||||
9. Wood J. Variations in human mycology observed during the winter session of 1867-68 at King's College, London. Proc R Soc Lond 1867; 16:483-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1867.0110 | ||||
10. Macalister A. Additional observations on muscular anomalies in human anatomy (3rd series), with the catalogue of principal muscular variation hitherto published. Trans R Ir Acad 1875; 25:1-130. | ||||
11. Le Double AF. Traité des variations du système musculaire de l'homme et de leur signification au point de vue de l'anthropologie zoologique. Vol 2. Paris: Schleicher Frères, 1897: 99-107. French. | ||||
12. Nayak SR, Krishnamurthy A, Ramanathan LA, et al. Multiple muscular anomalies of upper extremity: a cadaveric study. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2008; 49:411-5. | ||||
13. Potu BK, Gorantla VR, Pulakunta T, et al. Accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle and its significance in anterior interosseous nerve syndrome: case report and review. Int J Morphol 2007; 25:911-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022007000400037 | ||||
14. Gardner-Thorpe C. Anterior interosseous nerve palsy: spontaneous recovery in two patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974; 37:1146-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.37.10.1146 | ||||
15. Degreef I, De Smet L. Anterior interosseous nerve paralysis due to Gantzer's muscle. Acta Orthop Belg 2004; 70:482-4. | ||||
16. Rodrigues V, Nayak SB, Rao MK, et al. Abnormal muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm: a case report. Cases J [serial online] 2009; 2:9125. Available at http://www.casesjournal.com/content/2/19125. Accessed August 28, 2011. |